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The Vulcans is a nickname used to refer to Republican Presidential candidate George W. Bush's foreign policy advisory team assembled to brief him prior to the 2000 U.S. presidential election. The Vulcans were led by Condoleezza Rice and included Richard Armitage, Robert Blackwill, Stephen Hadley, Richard Perle, Dov S. Zakheim, Robert Zoellick and Paul Wolfowitz, and Wolfowitz protégé, Scooter Libby. Other key campaign figures including Dick Cheney, George P. Shultz and Colin Powell were also closely associated with the group but were never actually members. During the campaign, Bush sought to deflect questions about his own lack of foreign policy experience by pointing to this group of experienced advisers. After the election, all the members of the team received key positions within the new Bush administration. The name "The Vulcans" alludes to a huge statue of Vulcan, the Roman god of fire and metalworking, in Rice’s home town of Birmingham, Alabama. ==Origin== During the summer of 1998, George W. Bush met with Condoleezza Rice at the behest of George H.W. Bush at the Bush estate in Kennebunkport, Maine. Rice had been director for Soviet and East European Affairs of the National Security Council under Brent Scowcroft during George H. W. Bush's administration and Scowcroft had been guiding her career ever since, ensuring she came to the attention of Bush Sr. "Eventually he was quite taken with her," Scowcroft recalled in an interview by James Mann for his book ''Rise of the Vulcans'' (2004). According to Coit D. Blacker, Rice and George W. Bush also "bonded at Kennebunkport" in August 1998.〔Mann, James. 2004. ''Rise of the Vulcans: The History of Bush's War Cabinet''. p. 250.〕 The several days of discussions that followed resulted in Rice agreeing to take charge of foreign policy for George W. Bush’s upcoming presidential campaign. Later that year Paul Wolfowitz, a former protégé of George Shultz and Dick Cheney, was taken on as well. Wolfowitz had also served as foreign policy advisor to Bob Dole during the 1996 U.S. presidential election. In early 1999, a team largely drawn from the middle echelons of the first Bush administration began to act as foreign policy advisors to George W. Bush.〔Mann, James. 2004. ''Rise of the Vulcans: The History of Bush's War Cabinet''. p. 251-252.〕 *Richard Armitage, former Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs. *Robert Blackwill, former member of the United States National Security Council. *Stephen Hadley, former Assistant Secretary of Defense for Global Strategic Affairs. *Scooter Libby, former Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy. *Richard Perle, former Assistant Secretary of Defense for Global Strategic Affairs. *Condoleezza Rice, former member of the United States National Security Council. *Paul Wolfowitz, former Under Secretary of Defense for Policy. *Dov Zakheim, former Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Strategy, Plans, & Forces. *Robert Zoellick, former Counselor of the United States Department of State. In early 1999, the Vulcans held their first meeting in Austin, Texas, which was attended by Cheney and Shultz. The group communicated regularly afterward.〔Mann, James. 2004. ''Rise of the Vulcans: The History of Bush's War Cabinet''. p. 252.〕 During 1999 and 2000, a second group was formed under the leadership of Donald Rumsfeld to deal specifically with the subject of missile defence. While distinct from the Vulcans, it did include Rice, Wolfowitz, Hadley and Perle alongside Shultz and various scientists, including Martin Anderson of Stanford University and Lowell Wood of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.〔Mann, James. 2004. ''Rise of the Vulcans: The History of Bush's War Cabinet''. p. 253.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Vulcans」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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